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| CASE REPORT |
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| Year : 2020 | Volume
: 12
| Issue : 4 | Page : 385-387 |
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Management of polyorchidism in a prepubertal boy: A case report and literature review
Abdullah Waleed Aldughiman, Hossam S El-tholoth, Abdulrhman Alsunbul, Elsayed Badawy, Abdulrhman Alelaiwai
Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| Date of Submission | 22-Dec-2019 |
| Date of Acceptance | 23-Jul-2020 |
| Date of Web Publication | 15-Oct-2020 |
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Abdullah Waleed Aldughiman
Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh
Saudi Arabia
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DOI: 10.4103/UA.UA_154_19 
 Abstract | | |
Polyorchidism is a very rare embryological anomaly characterized by the presence of extra number of testes with the usual presentation of two homolateral and one contralateral testis and no clear guidelines for management. Herein, we present a 14yearold case with left supernumerary testes presented with discomfort and painless mass, diagnosed by US and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Conservative treatment was implemented, in the form of ultrasound followup imaging (every 6–12 months) with selfscrotal examination every month.
Keywords: Polyorchidism; triorchidism; ultrasonography; Supernumerary testicle; A congenital testicular anomaly
How to cite this article:
Aldughiman AW, El-tholoth HS, Alsunbul A, Badawy E, Alelaiwai A. Management of polyorchidism in a prepubertal boy: A case report and literature review. Urol Ann 2020;12:385-7 |
How to cite this URL:
Aldughiman AW, El-tholoth HS, Alsunbul A, Badawy E, Alelaiwai A. Management of polyorchidism in a prepubertal boy: A case report and literature review. Urol Ann [serial online] 2020 [cited 2020 Oct 30];12:385-7. Available from: https://www.urologyannals.com/text.asp?2020/12/4/385/298181 |
| Introduction | |  |
Polyorchidism is a very rare embryological anomaly characterized by the presence of extra number of testes with the usual presentation of two homolateral and one contralateral testis and no clear guidelines for management.[1] Herein, we present a 14-year-old case with left supernumerary testes presented with discomfort and painless mass, diagnosed by US and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Conservative treatment was implemented.
| Case Report | | |
A 14-year-old boy with no medical or surgical history came to the clinic with a complaint of painless left scrotal swelling and mild discomfort. On the scrotal examination, a normal right and left testis in addition to a left scrotal mass approximately the same size as the left testis and two vasa deference were palpated. The patient was investigated by laboratory blood tests and scrotal US. On laboratory tests, normal blood count and normal serum levels of testicular tumor markers were detected. Scrotal ultrasound (US) demonstrated a normal left testis measuring 4 × 6 cm and supernumerary testis measuring 3 × 2 cm with the same echogenicity and separate epididymis for each one. The right testis was normal measuring 4 × 5 cm with microlithiasis. Where, no US features suspicious of malignance found on the three testicular glands [Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3]. MRI was done and showed the same finding [Figure 4]. Conservative management was offered to the patient in the form of sonographic follow-up (every 6–12 months) with self-scrotal examination every month were suggested for the patient because of the risk of malignancy and further fertility follow up was planned. | Figure 2: Ultrasounds image showed two left testes with no malignant evidence
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 | Figure 4: Sagittal view of twice left testes in the magnetic resonance imaging image
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| Discussion | | |
Polyorchidism is a rare testicular embryological disorder characterized by supernumerary testicles. The cause of polyorchidism, until now, remains unclear. The diagnosis of polyorchidism is usually incidentally discovered. Painless groin or scrotal swelling is the presenting symptom in 16% of the patients as reported in the literature.[1] The median age was 17 years with an age range of 11 25 years. Most of the cases are single, and left-sided extra testis was present as present in our case.[1],[2] The majority of supernumerary testes the scrotal supernumerary testes were found in (66%), inguinal come after by (23%) then abdominal in (9%).[1] This congenital anomaly indiscriminately accompanied with inguinal hernia (24%), undescended testis (22%), and testicular torsion (15%).[1] Testicular malignancy risk increased in the presence of polyorchidism as Bergholz and Wenke, reported 6.4% neoplasm of the polyorchidism of 140 cases.[1] Infertility was found in 20% of supernumerary cases; 37% of those have tubular atrophy, Sertoli cell pattern (without Leydig cells), or spermatogenesis failure.[3]
The management of extra testis is diverse between conservative observation and orchiectomy depending on the fertility condition and the position of the supernumerary testis. The testicular function preservation must be overweight the malignance risk. Our patient fertility issue is difficult to be assessed as he is at prepubertal age, unmarried, and want to have children so he was counseled and the conservative management offered in view of the patient's fertility purpose and low malignancy risk. Singer et al.[4] recommended orchiectomy of all nonfunctioning or ectopically positioned polyorchidism, absence of fertility desire, patient request, and the difficulty of regular observational follow-up. While, Sonmez et al., applied conservative management for a 37-year-old patient if no malignant suspicious.[5] Therefore, we thought in prepubertal age, no malignant suspicious, intrascrotal polyorchidism and the fertility potential is difficult to be assessed the regular follow-up is recommended.
| Conclusions | | |
Polyorchidism is a rare embryological testicular anomaly with unclear etiology. Diagnosis can be established by the clinical examination and ultrasonographic findings and MRI imaging. The treatment of choice is conservative management in the prepubertal patient with intrascrotal polyorchidism special the fertility potential difficult to be assessed.
Declaration of patient consent
The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
| References | | |
| 1. | Bergholz R, Wenke K. Polyorchidism: A meta-analysis. J Urol 2009;182:2422-7.  |
| 2. | Kulkarni JN, Bhansali MS, Tongaonkar HB, Kamat MR, Borges AM. Carcinoma in the third testis in a case of polyorchidism and persistent müllerian structure syndrome. Eur Urol 1992;22:174-6. |
| 3. | Yalçınkaya S, Sahin C, Sahin AF. Polyorchidism: Sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Can Urol Assoc J 2011;5:E84-6. |
| 4. | Singer BR, Donaldson JG, Jackson DS. Polyorchidism: Functional classification and management strategy. Urology 1992;39:384-8. |
| 5. | Sonmez NC, Kılınç F, Arısan S, Calıskan KC. Polyorchidism: A case report and review of the literature. Andrology 2012;1:102. |
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3], [Figure 4]
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